Migración internacional de enfermeras/os de América Latina 2010-2019

460 Migración internacional de enfermeras/os de América Latina 2010-2019 In the 2018, the average per capita net adjusted household disposable income was $51,147 USD per year (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2023), which was subs- tantially greater than the OECD average of $30,490 USD. About 67% of people ages 15 to 64 in the US were engaged in paid work, which was nearly equal to the OECD employment average of 66%. About 72% of men are in paid work, compared to 62% of women (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2023). Poverty The official poverty rate in 2021 was 11.6 percent or 37.9 million people in living at or below the po- verty level in the US (US Department of Commerce, 2022). This rate nor the actual number of people living in poverty was significant different from the previous year, 2020. However, poverty rates did increase significant from 2019 to 2020. Poverty rates for people under 18 years old increased from 14.4% in 2019 to 16.1% in 2020. Poverty rates also increased for people ages 18 to 64 from 9.4% in 2019 to 10.4% in 2020. The rate Poverty rates for people 65 and older was 9.0 percent in 2020. US Health Care System The US health care system is made up of public and private (profit and not-for-profit) insurers and health care providers. The federal government provides public insurance in the form of the national Medicare program for some people with disabilities and adults 65 years and older (US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2023a). The federal government also pays for additional insurance programs. These include: coverage for military veterans, and some family members through the Ve- teran Health Administration as well as children through the Children’s Health Insurance Program (US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2023; US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2023). Private insurance is the largest form of health care insurance coverage in the US. It is often purchased with employers. The insured rate in 2020, 91.5% of the population. Insurance coverage was up from 84% in 2010 when the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) became federal law (Tikkanen, et al., 2020; US Government Publishing Office, 2010). Basic or minimum health care coverage in the US is called Minimum Essential Coverage (MEC) (US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. 2023b). These are insurance plans that meet the requi- rement of the Affordable Care Act. As mentioned previously, examples of qualifying plans include private insurance plans; work-based plans; federal government insurance programs, as well as state health insurance programs. Individual states can also manage and pay for health care services as a stop gap and safety net at the local level (Tikkanen, et al., 2020).