Migración internacional de enfermeras/os de América Latina 2010-2019

131 Migración internacional de enfermeras/os de América Latina 2010-2019 Appendix A Further Information on the Demographic Context and Socio-Sanitary Profile of Canada Canada experiences four seasons throughout the year, Winter, spring, summer, and fall. The tempe- ratures and precipitation vary greatly between these four seasons and across the different regions of the country (Statistics Canada, 2008). Canada has warm to hot summers and cold winters, with colder temperatures and lesser precipitation generally in the north. Canada's weather varies from coast to coast; the west coast experiences more moderate climates and greater rainfall compared to the east coast, yet snow is prevalent around the whole country in the winter, especially up north (University of Minnesota, n.d.; Statistics Canada, 2008). Canada is a constitutional monarchy governed by three branches, the executive or Government (in- cluding the Monarch/Governor General, the Prime Minister, and the Cabinet), the legislative (inclu- ding the Senate and House of Commons), and the judicial branch. The Canadian Parliament consists of the Monarch, the Senate, and the House of Commons (PoC, n.d.-b). Canada's 13 political divi- sions are Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut (GoC, 2012-b). Of the three levels of Government in Canada, municipal governments are responsible for the safety and maintenance of cities, through categories like parks, urban planning, and public transportation (PoC, n.d.-c; GoC, 2021-b; PoC, n.d.-a). Canada's education systems are publicly funded and provincially/territorially regulated and accre- dited (CAPS-I, 2021; GoC, 2020). Of all the G8 countries, Canada spends the highest amount, per capita, on education; as such, free education is offered within the country for kindergarten to grade 12 and over 95% of school-age children attend public school (CAPS-I, 2021). The curriculum across each province is standardized to ensure consistency across the country, yet allows each province to individualize its curriculum to ensure students can especially learn about the region they reside in. Only teachers that have been certified by the Government can be employed in any province or territory (CAPS-I, 2021; GoC, 2020). The three main economic industries in Canada are natural resources, like forestry and fishing, manu- facturing, like automobiles and food, and service industries, like healthcare and education. Canada works closely with the United States due to their proximity and similarities, and are each other's big- gest trading partners (GoC, 2012-a; University of Minnesota, n.d.). In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was created to support free trade between Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Minimum wage in Canada varies between the 13 provinces and territories. Currently, the