Migración internacional de enfermeras/os de América Latina 2010-2019

121 Migración internacional de enfermeras/os de América Latina 2010-2019 Canadian healthcare system due to the global shortage of nurses. There is an excess supply of nur- ses in Canada but lesser demand due to Canadian nurses not wanting to work in the available roles within the nation (Kline, 2004). International nurses tend to migrate to Canada due to push factors from their countries of residence, like violence, poor wages, and political instability, and pull factors from Canada, like secure employment, improved pay, safer working environments and conditions, and health insurance (OAS, 2011; National Immigration Forum, 2019). In addition, more female nur- ses are migrating from Latin America to Canada for work to support themselves and their families financially. Women are typically more lenient and accepting of working in worse conditions than men; thus, they often work in caretaking roles, like nurses, nursing aides, personal support workers, or housekeeping (OAS, 2011; Carpio & Santiago Bench, 2015). Therefore, many prominent charac- teristics highlight the international migration of nurses from Latin America to Canada throughout time, but specifically between 2010 to 2019. Conclusion and Recommendations The migration of nurses from Latin America to Canada will continue to occur in the future, regardless of the global nursing shortage and its global impacts. Yet, it is difficult to monitor the number of nur- ses that migrate to Canada, from Latin America or other global regions, due to most nurses migra- ting under the family class. This is often due to the language barriers associated with finding stable employment in Canada and because Canada does not actively recruit healthcare workers. Although the magnitude of Latin American nurses migrating and the reasons for migrating fluctuates, these rates and motives tend to be consistent. This is especially the case due to fewer nurses migrating from the Latin region compared to other world regions, like Asia or Africa. Canada is not a popular country for Latin migrants, compared to southern USA, due to fewer Spanish-speaking communities and employment opportunities. To mitigate the global nursing shortage, Canada enacts policies that motivate the immigration of foreign health workers to fill in the systemic gaps experienced na- tionally. This perpetuates brain drain in developing countries, but healthcare workers will continue to migrate to experience better and more secure employment opportunities. Even though Canada does not actively recruit international nurses to fill nursing gaps in the healthcare system, people will always be willing to migrate from their home countries for various reasons. The Canadian Government should continually evaluate the current policies in place surrounding migration and the support of healthcare workers, specifically international nurses. In turn, this can reduce the brain drain of foreign nurses and encourage Canadian-trained nurses to take on Cana- dian nursing roles. Additionally, more research should be conducted to examine regional migratory patterns of Latin American populations to Canada. The databases where information is found should be improved for more availability, clarity, and visibility regarding the international migration of Latin