Migración internacional de enfermeras/os de América Latina 2010-2019

117 Migración internacional de enfermeras/os de América Latina 2010-2019 Nursing Supply in Canada There are three main types of regulated nurses in Canada, registered nurses (RNs), licensed or re- gistered practical nurses (LPNs), and registered psychiatric nurses (RPNs). RNs provide support and direct patient care in healthcare settings, making up approximately 75% of all regulated Canadian healthcare workers (CIHI, 2019; Malvik, 2020). LPNs provide support and care but are directed by other medical professionals, like physicians or RNs. RPNs provide support and counselling services to people residing in or receiving care from hospitals or clinics (CIHI, 2019). Nursing is regulated between each Canadian province and territory; therefore, there is no federal program to become a regulated nurse in Canada (NNAS, 2021). There were 91,375 physicians in Canada in 2019, thus 24 physicians per 10,000 people (CIHI, 2020-b). There were 439,975 regulated nurses in Canada in 2019, therefore 117 nurses per 10,000 people. Wi- thin this total supply of nurses, 300,669 were RNs, 127,097 were LPNs, 6,159 were nurse practitioners, and 6,050 were RPNs (CIHI, 2020-a). There were 137 nursing schools in Canada as of 2018 that offered entry-to-practice (ETP) pre-licensure programs to become an RN. Every province or territory, except for the Yukon, offers an ETP baccalaureate program. There are at least 46 fast-track ETP programs in Canada where students can gain their nursing degree in less than four years. More than half of the nursing programs in Canada offer distance education in full or in part for their students (CASN, 2019). Each province or territory has a specified regulatory body responsible for regulating the practice of RNs. These organizations are the British Columbia College of Nursing Professionals and Midwives, the College and Association of RNs of Alberta, the Saskatchewan RNs Association, the College of RNs of Manitoba, the CNO, the Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec, the Nurses Association of New Brunswick, the Nova Scotia College of Nursing, the College of RNs of Prince Edward Island, the College of RNs of Newfoundland and Labrador, the RNs Association of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, and the Yukon RNs Association (CNA, 2021-c). Migration of Latin American and International Nurses to Canada Canada is experiencing a nursing shortage (IOM, 2011; Boamah et al., 2021; Lavoie-Tremblay et al., 2019). However, in Canada, more nursing positions are being filled by nationally- and internationally trained nurses and more jobs are being created in specific regions (CIHI, 2020-a). In 2018, 36,189 in- ternationally educated nurses were regulated to practice within Canada, and this value in 2019 was 37,370; therefore, making up 8.9% of Canada's regulated nursing supply (CIHI, 2020-a; CIHI, 2019; RNAO, 2020). Of the 439,975 regulated nurses in Canada in 2019, only 396,085 of this supply was employed in the country (CIHI, 2020-a). In 2015 and 2016, five percent of the adult immigrant popu- lation worked in healthcare settings. Of this population, 13%were from the Caribbean and Bermuda, 12%were fromWestern Africa, 12%were from Central Africa, eight percent were from Eastern Africa,