Migración internacional de enfermeras/os de América Latina 2010-2019

115 Migración internacional de enfermeras/os de América Latina 2010-2019 Methodology This integrative review report followed a descriptive and longitudinal study design utilizing the Cochrane guidelines, compiled with secondary data from both peer-reviewed materials and grey literature. Information on nurses in Canada, migration of nurses to Canada, the migration of Latin nurses to Canada, and Latin American nurses, in general, is found in various repositories, including health and social science databases or platforms and multiple grey literature sources. North Ameri- can and South American repositories used include CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, SAGE, SCIELO, LILACS, PAHO HRH Observatory, PAHO IRIS, PAHO VHL, BIREME, BIGG, BRISA, ORRHS, and PIE. Examples of grey literature sources include the Canadian Government (and its subsidiary organizations like Statistics Canada and Health Canada), Canadian and international research institutes or think tanks like the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) and the Wilson Center, international or multilateral organizations like the United Nations (UN), theWorld Health Organization (WHO), the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), the Inter-American Development Bank, the World Bank, the OECD, and the Organization of Ame- rican States (OAS). In addition, North American nursing colleges and universities, such as the Uni- versity of Toronto and McGill University, Canadian nursing organizations like the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) and the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA), and Canadian nursing regulatory bodies like the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO). The inclusion criteria for this report were the information on the migration of nurses to Canada between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019, and studies, databases, and reports in English only. Results. Demographic Context and Socio-Sanitary Profile: Canada Canada is the second-largest country in the world, with a total area of 9,984,670 km2 (Statistics Ca- nada, 2018). Canada has 13 political divisions: the 10 provinces and the three territories (GoC, 2012- b). There are three levels of Government in Canada, the federal level, the provincial or territorial level, and the municipal level. Each province and territory is responsible for governing specific sectors that directly impact their residents, such as healthcare and education. At the same time, the federal level makes decisions that affect the country as a whole, for instance, travel, immigration, and national defence (Parliament of Canada (PoC), n.d.-c; GoC, 2021-b; PoC, n.d.-a). Canada has a strong economy and is considered a high-income, developed country in the Global North (World Bank, 2018; Odeh, 2010; United Nations, 2014). Canada's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019 was more than USD 1.736 billion (World Bank, 2019-a). In 2019, Canada's poverty rate was 10.1%, with the majority of impoverished individuals living in big cities like Toronto, Vancouver and Windsor (Statistics Canada, 2021-a; Canadian Poverty Institute (CPI), 2018). Additionally, 25% of Canada's Indigenous population